The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is commonly expressed as the computer's 'brain'. The
'engine' would be a more appropriate analogy, as a computer has no innate intelligence. The CPU performs mathematical and logical
calculations and decodes program instructions running from the computer's memory.
CPU Power
The CPU, sometimes called the processor, central processor or micro processor, is rated by the number of bits that can be
processed in a single instruction and the number of instructions that can be performed in a second. They are rated at 32 bits or 64
bits, and their clock-speed ranges from 1.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz.
One Gigahertz (GHz) is 1 billion cycles per second. A 32-bit 2-GHz CPU can process 2 billion instructions per second, each
with a maximum length of 32 bits, which in binary numbers is capable of expressing the decimal number 4,294,967,295. In short, a 32-bit
2-GHz processor is amazingly powerful.
The more powerful CPUs, however, can't do anything more complex than others; they simply operate faster. The faster the CPU
can do its work, the faster the computer operates. There are other computer components that may limit the speed of the computer, but
the CPU speed is recognized as a major indicator of computer performance.
Intel and AMD are the 2 major CPU manufacturers. They have been competitors for years and take turns making technological
advances. AMD appears to be the current leader, with its 64-bit Athlon processors, but the real-world differences between
top-of-the-line processors are usually minor.
There are a few important factors that determine whether a particular CPU can be used with a specific motherboard, the most
important being the physical layout. Motherboards are designed to accept a particular family of processors, which must be able to
accept the pin design of the processor.
The pin design is usually referred to as 'Socket x' -- Socket A, Socket 939, or Socket 478. The other important factor to
consider when choosing a CPU is the speed. Motherboards have a maximum processing speed, so if you are trying to fit an older
motherboard with a newer CPU, you may encounter problems.
Choosing a CPU
Deciding on which CPU to buy depends a great deal on what you need it for. Office applications, like word processors and
spreadsheets, don't require a great deal of computing power.
Whereas games are among the most demanding of computer applications, they often require the fastest and most powerful
components available. If you are an avid computer gamer plan on a CPU rated at 3 GHz or more. Prices start at about $200 for a 32-bit
processor ranging up to more than $1,000 for the latest 64-bit processors.
For modest computing needs, a CPU in the 2 GHz range will be sufficient and much more reasonably priced. They start as low as
$70 for 32-bit processor, with 64-bit processors available for about $150. Processors in this size and price range are suitable for
most computer applications, including graphics, video work and audio recording.
For simple word processing and Internet use, consider purchasing a CPU in the 1 to 2 GHz
range. They are the real bargains and are available for less than $40 for a 32-bit A 1 GHz processor, and most processors in this
range, is less than $100.
